10/27/2025 / By S.D. Wells

They are difficult to pronounce and nearly impossible to destroy. Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances—known collectively as PFAS—are synthetic chemicals found in thousands of products, from nonstick cookware and waterproof clothing to fast-food wrappers and firefighting foam. Because they resist breaking down, PFAS have spread into soil, air, and water systems across the globe and accumulated in human bloodstreams. Studies show that 99% of Americans now carry some level of PFAS in their bodies.
In New Mexico, the problem has become particularly acute around Cannon Air Force Base near Clovis. For decades, the base used firefighting foam saturated with PFAS, and over time those chemicals seeped into surrounding groundwater. The state’s health and environment departments recently conducted a $1.2 million biomonitoring project, testing the blood of nearly 630 residents who live or work near the contamination plume. The findings, shared at a public meeting on Thursday, were both alarming and illuminating.
Researchers discovered that 99.7% of participants had measurable PFAS in their blood, most commonly types linked to firefighting foams. While widespread PFAS exposure is not unexpected, concentrations among residents closest to the plume were notably higher than the general population. Roughly one-quarter of these individuals recorded PFAS levels within the highest concentration tier recognized in national health guidelines. State officials said the results strongly indicate a correlation between the groundwater contamination migrating from the base and elevated PFAS levels in local residents.
New Mexico Environment Secretary James Kenney emphasized that his agency will continue supporting affected communities, but progress has been hampered by ongoing litigation with the U.S. Department of Defense. The state is suing over environmental damage and contamination caused by PFAS use at Cannon Air Force Base.
Tests at the base revealed PFAS concentrations as high as 26,200 parts per trillion in groundwater—over 650,000% higher than federal and state drinking water limits. Although the Air Force reports spending more than $73 million on investigation and pilot treatment projects, Kenney insists it is time for the federal government to expand cleanup efforts beyond the base’s perimeter. “We need the whole of New Mexico to stand up and say we’ve had it,” he said.
The health implications of PFAS exposure are increasingly well-documented but still not fully understood. Research has linked these “forever chemicals” to elevated cholesterol, kidney and testicular cancers, reduced birth weight, and liver enzyme changes. Some PFAS can remain in human blood for years after exposure ends. According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, depending on the compound, it can take weeks to years for blood PFAS levels to decrease by half.
Tasha Stoiber, a senior scientist at the Environmental Working Group, cautioned that pinpointing a direct link between PFAS exposure and health outcomes is complex. Factors such as age, occupation, diet, and environmental exposure patterns all play a role. Data from Curry County mirrored national trends: PFAS concentrations tended to rise with age, were higher in males, and were elevated among those with military or aviation careers.
The issue extends far beyond eastern New Mexico. Nationwide, watchdog organizations are mapping hundreds of contamination sites, using Environmental Protection Agency data to identify drinking water systems that exceed safe levels. PFAS pollution has been confirmed at hundreds of U.S. military bases, and New Mexico officials are now launching another health survey near a southern base, where PFAS levels in local wildlife and plants rank among the highest recorded globally.
At the Clovis meeting, residents expressed anger and frustration over declining property values, contaminated wells, and lost livelihoods. Many have seen their farms and ranches rendered unsafe for agriculture or livestock.
New Mexico is one of hundreds of plaintiffs in a massive federal lawsuit in South Carolina seeking to hold PFAS manufacturers and users of firefighting foam accountable. Meanwhile, the state is taking independent action. Just this week, officials hosted a webinar on a new state law that will phase out and ultimately ban the sale of products containing intentionally added PFAS.
While litigation and cleanup may take years, the state’s recent blood-testing project has made one thing clear: PFAS contamination is not an abstract chemical concern—it is a living, ongoing crisis that continues to affect the water, health, and livelihoods of New Mexicans.
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